Addition and Subtracting Monomials

MATH REVIEW & SEATWORK

ADDING & SUBTRACTING MONOMIALS

Learn what monomials and like terms are, study the examples carefully, then take the 5-item seatwork!

What is a Monomial?

A math expression with only one term. It can be a number, a variable, or a number multiplied by variable(s).

Examples: 5x, -3y², 8

What are Like Terms?

Monomials that have the exact same variables raised to the exact same powers. Only the coefficients (numbers) can be different!

Examples: 4x and 9x

Are these Like Terms? (Check carefully!)
3x² and 7x²LIKE TERMS
5ab and -2abLIKE TERMS
4x² and 4xNOT LIKE TERMS
3a²b and 3ab²NOT LIKE TERMS

Golden Rule: You can ONLY add or subtract LIKE TERMS. If they are not like terms, just leave them as they are! Also, never touch the exponents when adding/subtracting!

Example 1: Basic Addition

Simplify: 4x + 5x

Step 1: Check if like terms. Yes, both have 'x'.

Step 2: Add the coefficients (4 + 5 = 9).

Step 3: Keep the variable part exactly the same.

Final Answer: 9x

Example 2: Basic Subtraction

Simplify: 12y² - 7y²

Step 1: Check if like terms. Yes, both have 'y²'.

Step 2: Subtract the coefficients (12 - 7 = 5).

Step 3: Keep the variable and exponent exactly the same!

Final Answer: 5y² (Notice the exponent didn't change!)

Example 3: What if they are NOT Like Terms?

Simplify: 8a + 3b

Step 1: Check if like terms. 'a' and 'b' are different variables.

Step 2: Since they are NOT like terms, we cannot combine them.

Final Answer: 8a + 3b (Just leave it!)

Example 4: Dealing with Negatives

Simplify: -9m + 15m - 2m

Step 1: All terms have 'm', so they are like terms.

Step 2: Combine the coefficients: -9 + 15 - 2.

Step 3: -9 + 15 = 6. Then 6 - 2 = 4.

Final Answer: 4m

Example 5: Grouping Like Terms

Simplify: 6x + 2y - 3x + y

Step 1: Group the like terms together.

(6x - 3x) + (2y + y) (Note: 'y' means '1y')

Step 2: Combine the 'x' terms: 6 - 3 = 3x.

Step 3: Combine the 'y' terms: 2 + 1 = 3y.

Final Answer: 3x + 3y

Example 6: Mixed Variables & Exponents

Simplify: 5a²b - 2a²b + 4ab²

Step 1: Group like terms. 'a²b' and 'ab²' are DIFFERENT!

Step 2: Combine the 'a²b' terms: (5 - 2)a²b = 3a²b.

Step 3: '4ab²' has no like term, so it stays.

Final Answer: 3a²b + 4ab²

Seatwork Time!

Read each question carefully. You need to answer all questions before submitting. Good luck!

Answer all questions first before submitting!
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